Dr. Amir Abbas Zinatbakhsh, an Islamic finance researcher and a member of the International Committee of the Iranian Association of Islamic Finance, said the mainstream economy has neglected the issue of inequality and the evidence for this claim is schools that have fueled poverty and inequality.

The first theory is based on the belief that at the beginning of development, poverty and inequality are natural and the situation will get better later. Simon Kuznet, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1971, who saw a dramatic reduction in inequality after World War II, argueing that in the early stages of economic development, inequality and discrimination increase and finally after the realization of development they are reduced.

Regarding another theory that has fueled inequality, he said Lyndon Johnson, Chairman of the Economic Advisory Council, the 36th President of the United States, believed that there is an obvious and inverse relationship between efficiency and equality, and you should prioritize one! The reason he claimed was that he saw equality as a tax on the rich, which was an obstacle to improving the economic situation. However, the evidence and experience of recent years (such as the Scandinavian economies) show that inequality can be overcome without sacrificing efficiency.

He stated the third theory says that by providing more facilities for capitalists, the general economic situation, including poverty and inequality improves. For example, if we reduce the income tax on capitalists, it stimulates short-term investment and then it leads to the general and wide-ranging and long-term benefit of the nation.

This translation is the same idea or theory of Trickle-Down Economy that if it were true, the general economic situation and inequality would not be like this now. Although the income of one percent sitting at the top of the economic pyramid increases, people in the middle class whose purchasing power (even with the annual increase in income) decreases year by year. On the other hand, even today, Trickle-Up Economy theory aims to achieve economic growth by improving the situation of the middle class; it seeks to prove complementarity with equality and economic growth!

Amir Abbas Zinatbakhsh believes that the world suffers from inequality and the old way of resolving class differences by methods such as income distribution has failed. Taxation and the distribution of money among the needy have not achieved the desired result. Although these methods are not wrong, the problem of inequality and class differences is still persistent and even has been intensified.

70% of the world's population earns less than ten thousand dollars and about 8% of the world's population owns 86% of the world's wealth. To resolve this huge gap, a new approach was taken by governments which followed the redistribution of wealth instead of income-oriented and income redistribution.

Zinatbakhsh believes that we must first accept that markets and contracts are not perfect, and then recognize man as a being who seeks justice. Some solutions to class differences have been very radical, and thinkers such as Joseph Stiglitz ,a winner of Nobel Prize for economics, believes that all social rules and regulations should be rewritten, but there is a resistance to this revision because of the strength of the political structure or we pursue revenue redistribution. Another tough solution is to impose a tax on 80 percent of income, wealth and inheritance.

Another solution is to redistribute and reduce class differences through making people wealth with income-generating assets. In The New Economics of Inequality and the Redistribution of Wealth, Professor Samuel Bulls elaborates on these theories. One practical way to implement these theories is to involve corporate employees in corporate ownership; employee stock ownership plan (ESOP).